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بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
Can
Muslims perform the funeral prayer in the absence of a body?
It is
recorded in Sahih al-Bukhari from Jabir RA that, on the day that al-Najashi,
king of Abyssinia, died, the Prophet SAW said to his companions RA:
“Today
a righteous man has died, so get up and perform the [funeral] prayer for your
brother Al Nagashi.”
For those
scholars who approve of the practice, this authentic hadith forms the basis for
the lawfulness of performing the funeral (janazah) prayer in the absence
of the body of a righteous person who has died.
Because of
the current COVID-19 pandemic, when the
likelihood is that many of us will be affected if not by its symptoms, then by
the news of deaths amongst members of our families, it may provide comfort
either to you or to your Muslim neighbours to learn how to perform the prayer,
but only to practice it where it is safe and permitted to do so within the
rules of social distancing.
How to
perform the funeral prayer
Face the qiblah
with the intention of performing the funeral prayer. If you can pray in
congregation (jamaa‘ah), it is Sunnah to have an odd number of rows
behind the imam. The first takbeer is like in other prayers, raising
your hands. All the words, apart from the four takbeers and the final as-salaamu
‘alaykum, are said silently.
The funeral
prayer is performed standing, with no bowing (rukoo‘), prostration (sujood),
reciting the FaatiHah or declaration of faith (tashahhud). There
is no fixed time, but avoid the prohibited times. It is generally permitted for
the funeral prayer to be performed by more than one congregation, but they
should not be the same people.
The words
of the funeral (janazah) prayer
|
1st Takbeer : Allaahu akbar |
التكبيرة الاولي : الله أكبر |
|
Surah
Alfatihah |
سورة الفاتحة |
|
|
|
|
2nd Takbeer : Allaahu akbar |
التكبيرة الثانية : الله أكبر |
|
allaahumma
Salli ‘alaa muHammadiw wa-‘alaa aal-i muHammadin kamaa Sallayta ‘alaa
ibRaaheema wa-‘alaa aal-i ibRaaheem, innaka Hameedum majeed. allaahumma
baarik ‘alaa muHammadiw wa-‘alaa aal-i muHammadin kamaa baaRakta ‘alaa
ibRaaheema wa-‘alaa aal-i ibRaaheem, innaka Hameedum majeed. |
اللهم صل على
محمد وعلى آل محمد كما صليت على إبراهيم وعلى آل إبراهيم إنك حميد مجيد. اللهم بارك
على محمد وعلى آل محمد كما باركت على إبراهيم وعلى آل إبراهيم إنك حميد مجيد |
|
O Allah,
bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad as You blessed Abraham and the
family of Abraham; You are, indeed, Praiseworthy, Glorious. O Allah, grant
favour to Muhammad and the family of Muhammad as You granted favour to
Abraham and the family of Abraham; You are, indeed, Praiseworthy, Glorious. |
|
|
3rd Takbeer : Allaahu akbar |
التكبيرة الثالثة : الله أكبر |
|
allaahumm
aGhfir li-Hayyinaa wa-mayyitinaa, wa-shaahidinaa wa-Ghaa’ibinaa,
wa-SaGheerinaa wa-kabeerinaa, wa-dhakarinaa wa-unthaanaa.
Allaahumma man aHyaytahu minnaa fa’aHyee ‘alal-islaam wa-man tawaffaytahu
minnaa fatuwaffihi ‘alal-eemaan. |
اللهم اغفر
لحينا وميتنا، وشاهدنا وغائبنا، وصغيرنا وكبيرنا، وذكرنا وأنثانا. اللهم من أحييته
منا فأحيه على الإسلام ومن توفيته منا فتوفه على الإيمان |
|
O Allah,
forgive our living and our dead, those present and those absent, our young
and our old, our males and our females. O Allah, whichever of us You allow to
live, let him live in submission [to You], and whichever of us You cause to
die, let him die in [a state of] faith. [ABOVE
IS FOR ADULTS AND BELOW IS FOR BOYS/GIRLS.] |
|
|
[BOYS] allaahumm aj‘alhu lanaa faRaTaw
waj‘alhu lanaa ajRaw
wa-dhuKhRaw waj‘alhu
lanaa shaafi‘an wa-mushaffa‘an. [GIRLS] allaahumm aj‘alhaa
lanaa faRaTaw waj‘alhaa
lanaa ajRaw wa-dhuKhRaw waj‘alhaa lanaa
shaafi‘atan wa-mushaffa‘atan. |
[boys] اللهم اجعله لنا فرطاً واجعله لنا أجراً وذخراً
واجعله لنا شافعًا ومشفعا [girls] اللهم اجعلها لنا فرطاً واجعلها لنا أجراً وذخراً واجعلها لنا شافعة ومشفعة |
|
O Allah,
make him/her a means of salvation for us; make him/her a reward and provision
for us; and make him/her a means of intercession for us. Make Duaa for the
deceased. |
|
|
4th Takbeer : Allaahu akbar |
التكبيرة الرابعة : الله أكبر |
|
as-salaamu ‘alaykum wa-RaHmat
ullaah (x1) right
side. |
السلام عليكم ورحمة الله (x1) عن اليمين |
Advice on
what prayer we can perform on Eid al-Fitr in lockdown
The advice
on Eid prayers between sunrise and noon is that if we cannot pray as normal in
congregation on Eid day, then you may choose to perform one of the following valid
alternatives individually:
·
the Eid prayer of two rak‘ahs, which conforms with
Maliki, Shafi‘i and Hanbali opinions of what is mustahhab (i.e.
desirable) if one misses the congregation; or,
·
salat al-shukr (i.e. prayer of thanksgiving, of two rak‘ahs
or more) or sujud al-shukr (i.e. prostration of thanksgiving), both
of which are nawafil (i.e. optional acts of worship), the sound evidence
for which includes:
|
Commentary on Surat al-Baqarah, 185:
{and that you might be grateful} means: so that, by your magnifying
Allah (i.e. say Allahu Akbar) [on Eid] and various other ways of
giving thanks to Him, such as performing obligatory acts of worship and
avoiding what He prohibited, you might be amongst those who show gratitude
for Allah’s blessing you with fasting Ramadan and making its rules easy for
you. |
من تفسير سورة البقرة، ١٨٥: {وَلَعَلَّكُمْ
تَشْكُرُونَ} أي: من أجْل أنْ تكونوا بتكبيرِكم اللهَ عزَّ وجلَّ، وبالقيام بغير
ذلك من أنواع شكره كأداء فرائضه وترك محارمه، مِن الشَّاكرين لنِعمة اللهِ تعالى
عليكم بصِيام شهرِ رمضانَ، وتيسيرِه أحكامَه عليكم. |
|
Sahih Muslim: al-Mughirah ibn Shu‘bah reported that the Prophet
SAW prayed until his feet became swollen. When he was asked, “Why put
yourself through this when Allah has forgiven your past sins and whatever
came after?” he replied, “Should I not be a grateful servant?” |
صحيح مسلم: عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ، شُعْبَةَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ
صلى الله عليه وسلم صَلَّى حَتَّى انْتَفَخَتْ قَدَمَاهُ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: أَتَكَلَّفُ
هَذَا، وَقَدْ غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَكَ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِكَ وَمَا تَأَخَّرَ؟
فَقَالَ: أَفَلاَ أَكُونُ عَبْدًا شَكُورًا؟ |
|
Jami‘ al-Tirmidhi: Abu Bakrah reported that, when he learned of a
matter that brought him joy, the Prophet SAW would fall down in prostration. |
جامع الترمذي: عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ
صلى الله عليه وسلم أَتَاهُ أَمْرٌ فَسُرَّ بِهِ فَخَرَّ لِلَّهِ سَاجِدًا. |
|
Sunan Ibn Majah: Ka‘b ibn Malik said that, when Allah accepted his
repentance, he fell down in prostration. |
سنن ابن ماجه: عَنْ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، قَالَ: لَمَّا
تَابَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ خَرَّ سَاجِدًا. |
Eid prayer
is a Sunnah, not fard (i.e. compulsory act of worship). One way of
performing it is to do seven, 7 extra Takbeers (i.e. saying Allaahu
Akbar) before reciting Surat al-Fatihah in the first rak‘ah,
and a further five, 5 extra Takbeers after reciting from the Qur’an in
the second rak‘ah, before rukoo‘ (i.e. bowing).
Whichever
option you choose, you may also spend time repeating Takbeer al-‘Eid, as
you would before the start of the Eid prayer; and the words appear on the next
page.
The
words of the Takbeer al-Eid
اللهُ أكبرُ اللهُ
أكبرُ اللهُ أكبرُ، لا إلهَ إلّا الله، اللهُ أكبرُ اللهُ أكبرُ، وللهِ الحمدُ
Allaahu Akbar Ullaahu
Akbar Ullaahu Akbar, laa ilaaha ill-Allaah,
Allaahu Akbar Ullaahu
Akbar wa-lillaah il-Hamd
Allah is
Most Great, Allah is Most Great, Allah is Most Great. There is no god but
Allah. Allah is Most Great, Allah is Most Great; and praise be to Allah.